Screenshot of the simulation of a multi camera scenario
Simulation tools are of vital importance to explore the technical feasibility and facilitate the distributed process of vehicle infrastructure design. CoRE is working on simulation models for the event-based simulation of real-time Ethernet networks. Our simulation models are published as open-source module.
To evaluate the feasibility of an Ethernet-based unified communication infrastructure for future in-vehicle applications, it is important to identify characteristic and comparable network metrics. A future option of technological and economic success can be only made on the ground of these valid performance estimates. Further, a detailed quantitative analysis allows for optimisations, including a critical view on proposed solutions, and can be used to rate improvements of the components and protocols. Event-based simulation is suitable for these analyses and provides the necessary performance estimates. Since automotive applications have very strict requirements – usually the temporal precision must be within a few microseconds – it is necessary to simulate the temporal behaviour with high accuracy.
During the development process of a car, several service providers and suppliers are involved. Different components are designed by various partners. The Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) is responsible for the design and configuration of the in-vehicle communication infrastructure. Temporal attributes and information about the load of an in-vehicle backbone are necessary at an early stage of the development, when the components are not yet available. Further extensions and build-to-order variants must be regarded and result in a large configuration space. Thus, a simulation-based evaluation strategy is indispensable for the design of an in-vehicle backbone. It allows the evaluation of different configuration parameters before construction and in a more comprehensive manner. Requirements for suppliers and service providers are assigned based on the simulation results.
All tools are designed for an efficient workflow. With help of the Abstract Network Description Language (ANDL) a network can be described in a system-level degree of abstraction. Ethernet components, CAN busses, gateways and different ECUs are connected. The stimuli generators and protocols be parameterized according to the degree of abstraction. After the generation process a runnable simulation configuration is available. This configuration uses the CoRE simulation models. The network simulation execution genrates the result files. This results are available in the form of vectors and scalars. The analysis can be performed using tools integrated in OMNeT ++ or other external tools.
CoRE4INET is an extension to the INET framework for the event-based simulation of real-time Ethernet in the OMNEST/OMNeT++ simulation system. It provides real-time Ethernet protocols like AS6802, AVB and TSN. FiCo4OMNeT is an open-source simulation model for the event-based simulation of Fieldbus technologies in the OMNEST/OMNeT++ simulation system. It enables the simulation of CAN and Flexray technologies. SignalsAndGateways using both to enable a heterogeneous network simulation. It includes gateway components to connect Ethernet and Bus communication. SOQoSMW is an extension of the CoRE simulation models for the event-based simulation of service-based communication in real-time Ethernet networks. It provides middleware components and applications for services as well as gateway components, which are compatible with the SignalsAndGateways models. SDN4CoRE (Software-Defined Networking for Communication over Realtime Ethernet) is an open-source extension for the event-based simulation of programmable (software-defined) real-time Ethernet networks in the OMNeT++ simulation system. It uses the OpenFlow framework and provides additional programming mechanisms such as NetConf to allow the programming of real-time Ethernet components via controller applications.
@inproceedings{mhlks-fsaad-24,
author = {Meyer, Philipp and H{\"a}ckel, Timo and L{\"u}beck, Teresa and Korf, Franz and Schmidt, Thomas C.},
title = {{A Framework for the Systematic Assessment of Anomaly
Detectors in Time-Sensitive Automotive Networks}},
booktitle = {2024 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC)},
location = {Kobe, Japan},
month = may,
year = {2024},
pages = {57--64},
publisher = {IEEE},
doi = {10.1109/VNC61989.2024.10576017},
eprinttype = {arxiv},
eprint = {2405.01324},
groups = {own, publications, simulation, security,
anomaly-detection, tsn},
langid = {english},
modificationdate = {2024-07-04T12:23:26}
}
Connected cars are susceptible to cyberattacks. Security
and safety of future vehicles highly depend on a holistic
protection of automotive components, of which the
time-sensitive backbone network takes a significant role.
These onboard Time-Sensitive Networks (TSNs) require
monitoring for safety and – as versatile platforms to host
Network Anomaly Detection Systems (NADSs) – for security.
Still a thorough evaluation of anomaly detection methods in
the context of hard real-time operations, automotive
protocol stacks, and domain specific attack vectors is
missing along with appropriate input datasets. In this
paper, we present an assessment framework that allows for
reproducible, comparable, and rapid evaluation of detection
algorithms. It is based on a simulation toolchain, which
contributes configurable topologies, traffic streams,
anomalies, attacks, and detectors. We demonstrate the
assessment of NADSs in a comprehensive in-vehicular network
with its communication flows, on which we model traffic
anomalies. We evaluate exemplary detection mechanisms and
reveal how the detection performance is influenced by
different combinations of TSN traffic flows and anomaly
types. Our approach translates to other real-time Ethernet
domains, such as industrial facilities, airplanes, and
UAVs.
SDN4CoRE: A Simulation Model for Software-Defined
Networking for Communication over Real-Time Ethernet
Häckel, Timo and Meyer, Philipp and Korf, Franz and Schmidt, Thomas C. | dec2019
Proceedings of the 6th International OMNeT++ Community
Summit 2019EasyChair
@inproceedings{hmks-smsdn-19,
author = {H{\"a}ckel, Timo and Meyer, Philipp and Korf, Franz and Schmidt, Thomas C.},
editor = {Zongo, Meyo and Virdis, Antonio and Vesely, Vladimir and Vatandas, Zeynep and Udugama, Asanga and Kuladinithi, Koojana and Kirsche, Michael and F{\"o}rster, Anna},
title = {{SDN4CoRE: A Simulation Model for Software-Defined
Networking for Communication over Real-Time Ethernet}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th International OMNeT++ Community
Summit 2019},
month = dec,
year = {2019},
pages = {24--31},
volume = {66},
publisher = {EasyChair},
url = {https://easychair.org/publications/paper/1TnZ},
issn = {2398-7340},
doi = {10.29007/w71t},
eprinttype = {arxiv},
eprint = {1908.09649},
series = {EPiC Series in Computing},
bibsource = {EasyChair, https://easychair.org},
groups = {own, publications, simulation, omnet, tsn, security, sdn},
langid = {english}
}
Ethernet has become the next standard for automotive and
industrial automation networks. Standard extensions such as
IEEE 802.1Q Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) have been
proven to meet the real-time and robustness requirements of
these environments. Augmenting the TSN switching by
Software- Defined Networking functions promises additional
benefits: A programming option for TSN devices can add much
value to the resilience, security, and adaptivity of the
environment. Network simulation allows to model highly
complex networks before assembly and is an essential
process for the design and validation of future networks.
Still, a simulation environment that supports programmable
real-time networks is missing. This paper fills the gap by
sharing our simulation model for Software-Defined
Networking for Communication over Real-Time Ethernet
(SDN4CoRE) and present initial results in modeling
programmable real-time networks. In a case study, we show
that SDN4CoRE can simulate complex programmable real-time
networks and allows for testing and verifying the
programming of real-time devices.
Simulation of Mixed Critical In-vehicular Networks
Meyer, Philipp and Korf, Franz and Steinbach, Till and Schmidt, Thomas C | 2019
Recent Advances in Network SimulationSpringer
@incollection{mkss-smcin-19,
author = {Meyer, Philipp and Korf, Franz and Steinbach, Till and Schmidt, Thomas C},
title = {{Simulation of Mixed Critical In-vehicular Networks}},
booktitle = {Recent Advances in Network Simulation},
year = {2019},
pages = {317--345},
publisher = {Springer},
url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-12842-5\_10},
eprinttype = {arxiv},
eprint = {1808.03081},
groups = {own, publications, simulation, qos, tsn},
langid = {english}
}
Future automotive applications ranging from advanced
driver assistance to autonomous driving will largely
increase demands on in-vehicular networks. Data flows of
high bandwidth or low latency requirements, but in
particular many additional communication relations will
introduce a new level of complexity to the in-car
communication system. It is expected that future
communication backbones which interconnect sensors and
actuators with Electronic Control Units (ECUs) in cars will
be built on Ethernet technologies. However, signaling from
different application domains demands for network services
of tailored attributes, including real-time transmission
protocols as defined in the Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN)
Ethernet extensions. These Quality of Service (QoS)
constraints will increase network complexity even further.
Event-based simulation is a key technology to master the
challenges of an in-car network design. This chapter
introduces the domain-specific aspects and simulation
models for in-vehicular networks and presents an overview
of the car-centric network design process. Starting from a
domain-specific description language, we cover the
corresponding simulation models with their workflows and
apply our approach to a related case study for an in-car
network of a premium car.
Simulation und Evaluation von Echtzeit-Ethernet in
Fahrzeugnetzen
Steinbach, Till and Korf, Franz and Schmidt, Thomas C. | may2012
PIK - Praxis der Informationsverarbeitung und
KommunikationDe Gruyter
@article{sks-seeef-12,
author = {Steinbach, Till and Korf, Franz and Schmidt, Thomas C.},
title = {{Simulation und Evaluation von Echtzeit-Ethernet in
Fahrzeugnetzen}},
journal = {PIK - Praxis der Informationsverarbeitung und
Kommunikation},
month = may,
year = {2012},
pages = {67--74},
volume = {35},
number = {2},
publisher = {De Gruyter},
address = {Berlin},
issn = {0930-5157},
groups = {own, publications, simulation},
langid = {ngerman}
}
Die Zunahme von elektronischen Systemen insbesondere im
Fahrerassistenz- und Komfortbereich der Fahrzeuge
drängt die etablierten
Automotive-Kommunikations\-technologien an die Grenze ihrer
Leistungsfähigkeit. Ein neuer Ansatz für die
Kommunikation zwischen Steuergeräten ist Ethernet im
Automobil. Echtzeiterweiterungen haben den Einsatzbereich
von Standard-Switched-Ethernet auf zeitkritische
Anwendungen ausgedehnt. Diese Arbeit stellt eine
simulationsbasierte Evaluationsstrategie für
Echtzeit-Ethernet-basierte Vermittlungsinfrastrukturen im
Fahrzeug vor. Wir führen eine gründliche Analyse
des zugrundeliegenden Simulationsmodells durch, welche die
Simulationsergebnisse mit Berechnungen eines mathematischen
Modells und Messungen auf echter Hardware vergleicht. Sehr
präzise Übereinstimmungen belegen die
Gültigkeit der Implementierung und der mit ihr
ermittelten Kenngrößen.
An Extension of the OMNeT++ INET Framework for Simulating
Real-time Ethernet with High Accuracy
Steinbach, Till and Dieumo Kenfack, Hermand and Korf, Franz and Schmidt, Thomas C. | mar2011
Proceedings of the 4th International ICST Conference on
Simulation Tools and TechniquesACM-DL
@inproceedings{sdkks-eifre-11,
author = {Steinbach, Till and {Dieumo Kenfack}, Hermand and Korf, Franz and Schmidt, Thomas C.},
title = {{An Extension of the OMNeT++ INET Framework for Simulating
Real-time Ethernet with High Accuracy}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th International ICST Conference on
Simulation Tools and Techniques},
location = {Barcelona, Spain},
month = mar,
year = {2011},
pages = {375--382},
publisher = {ACM-DL},
address = {New York},
isbn = {978-1-936968-00-8},
eprinttype = {acmdl},
eprint = {2151120},
groups = {own, publications, simulation, omnet, ttethernet},
langid = {english}
}
Real-time extensions to standard switched Ethernet widen
the realm of computer networking into the time-critical
domain. These technologies have started to establish in
process automation, while Ethernet-based communication
infrastructures in vehicles are novel and challenged by
particularly hard real-time constraints. Simulation tools
are of vital importance to explore the technical
feasibility and facilitate the distributed process of
vehicle infrastructure design. This paper introduces an
extension of the OMNeT++ INET framework for simulating
real-time Ethernet with high temporal accuracy. Our module
implements the TTEthernet protocol, a real-time extension
to standard Ethernet that is proposed for standardisation.
We present the major implementation aspects of the
simulation model and apply our tool to an abstract
in-vehicle backbone. A careful evaluation that compares our
results with calculations obtained from a mathematical
framework, as well as with real-world measurements using
TTEthernet hardware shows simulation and reality in good
agreement.
Communication over Real-Time Ethernet Group
